What defines biomass as an energy source, and through which primary conversion processes does it contribute to electricity generation?

Biomass refers to organic matter—including forestry residues, agricultural byproducts, and municipal waste—that serves as a renewable energy carrier when sustainably replenished. Its transformation into electrical power primarily occurs through thermochemical pathways: torrefaction involves low-temperature drying and densification into briquettes/pellets for combustion in coal-compatible power plants, while pyrolysis employs oxygen-free heating to produce syngas and bio-oils that drive turbine generators.   Notably, the UK energy sector has integrated biomass as a significant renewable component, accounting for 40% of renewable consumption in 2017 and 11% of national electricity production by 2019. This dual role as both traditional heating fuel and low-carbon power feedstock distinguishes biomass from fossil fuels, provided its source materials are regrown at rates matching harvesting cycles.