What environmental factors necessitate specialized cable jacket materials in marine applications, and how do these formulations address unique degradation risks?

Marine cable jackets require advanced polymer formulations engineered to withstand simultaneous exposure to saltwater immersion, UV radiation, and biofouling. Unlike standard industrial jackets, marine - grade variants incorporate halogen - free polyolefins blended with carbon black for UV stabilization, preventing photooxidative cracking during prolonged sunlight exposure. To combat saltwater corrosion, ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) layers provide chemical resistance to chloride ion penetration, while copper - plated steel armor reinforces structural integrity against anchor dragging and tidal forces.   Biofouling resistance is achieved through silicone - based additives that create low - surface - energy surfaces inhibiting barnacle and algae adhesion, reducing hydrodynamic drag in subsea installations. Additionally, these jackets maintain flexibility at sub - zero temperatures to prevent cracking in polar regions, while flame retardant additives meet IMO FTP Code requirements for fire safety in shipboard applications. Such multi - functional designs ensure cable longevity in harsh marine environments where conventional materials would degrade within 3–5 years of deployment.